ALSA: Add jack reporting API

Currently very few systems provide information about jack status to user
space, even though many have hardware facilities to do detection. Those
systems that do use an input device with the existing SW_HEADPHONE_INSERT
switch type to do so, often independently of ALSA.

This patch introduces a standard method for representing jacks to user
space into ALSA. It allows drivers to register jacks for a sound card with
the input subsystem, binding the input device to the card to help user
space associate the input devices with their sound cards. The created
input devices are named in the form "card longname jack" where jack is
provided by the driver when allocating a jack. By default the parent for
the input device is the sound card but this can be overridden by the
card driver.

The existing user space API with SW_HEADPHONE_INSERT is preserved.

Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>