[XFS] factor out xfs_read_agi helper

Add a helper to read the AGI header and perform basic verification.
Based on hunks from a larger patch from Dave Chinner.

(First sent on Juli 23rd)

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Niv Sardi <xaiki@sgi.com>